Survival Rates Of Breast Cancer At Different Stages

Survival Rates Of Breast Cancer At Different Stages

Where the disease has not metastasized, the five-year survival rate for women suffering from breast cancer is about 86%. That percentage means that 86% of women who develop breast cancer live for at least five years after diagnosis. The good news is that depending on the stage it is discovered, the survival rate can be even higher than the overall average.

As with most cancers, breast cancer, develops in stages. A standard classification of letters and numbers is used to describe the stages - T, N and M and 0-IV. The alphabet T denotes the size of the tumor while alphabet N denotes that it has spread to the lymph nodes and the alphabet M means distant metastasis. When a primary tumor spreads to another area/s and forms more tumors, it has metastasized.

When a tumor cannot be assessed, it is designated the classification of TX. Where there is no indication of cancer, T0 is used. If one of the following forms is suspected - DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ) or Paget's disease (where the nipple and/or areola is cancerous) - Tis is used.

Stage 0 indicates that the cancer is in its earliest stage. Stage I indicates that tumors have not spread and are less than 2cm in size. A tumor that is 2-5cm in diameter is classified as Stage II, and a tumor larger than 5cm is considered Stage III. When a tumor has attached to the chest wall and spread to the lymph nodes it is considered to be Stage IV.

Today, due to medical advances, many breast cancers are diagnosed and treated during the early stages.

When treatment is given to patients who are at Stage 0 or 1, the survival rates are almost 100%. And yes, men can develop breast cancer, though at a far lower rate of 1/133 when compared to women. For those with cancer in Stage II, the survival rate is at 81% to 92%. At Stage III the rate lowers to 67%, and then drops substantially to 20% at Stage IV.

Although it is a very serious illness, breast cancer is seldom life threatening. Women who have advanced stages of cancer have been known to live for more than seven years. As technology and medicine advance, survival rates increase. Even later stage cancer survival rates are rising as medical and treatment methods improve.

A fairly new method of diagnosing cancer is the QM-MSP (quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR) method. It was invented in 2001 and it involves tests done on fluids taken from the breast area. The chemical analysis undertaken during this test allows cancer to be detected with 86% reliability, and cancer clumps with as little as 50 cells can found. Treatment given in the early stages is highly effective, and new methods like this allow cancer to be diagnosed at the earliest possible stage.

Treatments are also improving, with hormone therapy, targeted radiation and molecule specific drugs now readily available.

Breast cancer is no longer the death sentence it used to be. Although the disease is still a matter of serious concern, the chances of survival are high and treatments are now less invasive.

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Smokeless Tobacco Continues To Cause Tooth Decay And Mouth Cancer

Many articles have been published detailing the danger of smokeless tobacco. Yet there are those people that still hold to the false belief that tooth decay and mouth cancer can be stopped by good dental hygiene.



According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, a government agency dealing with oral health, "there is no evidence that brushing and flossing will undo the harm that dip and chew are doing to your teeth and gums."

Spit tobacco can be many different forms. It may be in powder form such as snuff. It could be "chew" tobacco in a leaf form, loose or twisted, dry or moist. But whatever the name, it is still tobacco.

The tobacco industry prefers to call it smokeless tobacco. The name gives lulls you into the feeling that this type of tobacco consumption is not as bad as cigarettes or other types of tobacco smoking materials. Do not be fooled. This type of tobacco can be devastating to not only your dental hygiene, but also your health in general.

Consider some of the things that spit tobacco can cause.

Cancer of the mouth tops the list as the most dangerous of the effects. It is no respecter of age. This self-induced disease attacks the young as well as the old.

The U.S. Surgeon General, C. Everett Koop, M.D., in 1986 declared that "smokeless tobacco represents a significant health risk. It is not a safe substitute for smoking cigarettes. It can cause cancer..."

Since those that chew or dip leave the tobacco in their mouth for extended periods of time, usually in the same place, this can cause the gums to pull away from the tooth in that area. When the gums pull away from the tooth, sensitive tooth roots are exposed providing an access to the root for any number of problems; sensitivity, decay and infection just to name a few.

Another of those problems is the side effect of the sugar contained in spit tobacco. The longer sugar remains in the mouth the more damage it will do. The extended periods that spit tobacco remains in the mouth provide a perfect opportunity for the sugars to work on the tooth root, causing massive tooth decay.

Many sports figures, as positive influences to youth, are speaking out against spit tobacco. Torii Hunter, Minnesota Twins American League winner of the Gold Glove award, six years in a row has come out strong against spit tobacco. Olympic gold medal winners, Picabo Street (alpine skiing) and Dominique Dawes (gymnastics) have lent the weight of their names to the campaign against spit tobacco along with the mega-star Jackie Chan.

Spit tobacco does cause harm, sometimes deadly, to whoever may use it. No matter how much we brush or floss; the effects cannot be overcome unless the habit is stopped.

If you are currently using spit tobacco and want to quit, there are some excellent guidelines given by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Click on this link for a step-by-step guide: http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/Topics/SpitTobacco/SpitTobaccoAGuideforQuitting.htm Follow the guidelines, quit or help someone quit. This is a dental health problem that we have the power to end.

About the Author

Don Robertson is co-founder of Benefit Discount Services. Through his company he provides significant Dental discounts to his customers. You can learn more by going to http://www.webenefityou.com.

Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer, Squamous Cell, Basal Cell Carcinoma

Skin cancer is generally separated into two main categories, melanoma and nonmelanoma. Melanoma is the most severe form of skin cancer. The nonmelanoma group encompasses all other skin cancers. The two most common forms of nonmelanoma skin cancer, squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma, are named for the squamous or basal cells which become cancerous.

The top layer of skin, the epidermis, is made up of basal and squamous cells. The surface of the skin is made of round, flat squamous cells, and below these are the basal cells. Hair follicles and sweat glands are in the dermis below the epidermis.

Treatment of basal or squamous cell carcinoma is usually very successful with no side effects if caught early enough. Since symptoms first appear on the skin, detection of skin cancer in its earliest stage of development is possible if you recognize it. These common cancers can be surgically removed if they have not advanced, making aggressive therapy unnecessary. The danger is in not recognizing the symptoms and not going to a doctor, or in contracting skin cancer in a place you wouldn’t normally see it and failing to find it before it metastasizes. To avoid this, you should do regular skin self-examinations, checking for any possible skin cancer symptoms. If you find a small lump, rash, or sore which does not heal, you should ask your doctor if it may be skin cancer.

Melanoma is named for the melanocyte cells which give pigment to the skin and can become cancerous. These cells are located between the dermis and epidermis, and can form benign growths known as nevi, or moles. This occurs when the melanocyte cells reproduce too fast or fail to die, and accumulate into harmless growths which do not spread like cancer does. Most people have between 10 and 40 moles throughout their skin, but having a significantly higher number of nevi is a risk factor for melanoma, as is having dysplastic, or irregularly shaped, nevi. If new moles form, or if changes occur in existing moles, especially dysplastic nevi, you should see a doctor because this may be a symptom of melanoma. Watch for any changes in the skin surrounding a mole, or in the size, shape, or color of the mole.

Generally, if you have a skin anomaly which may be skin cancer, your doctor will perform a biopsy. If the possible tumor can be conveniently removed, the doctor will remove it completely and test it for cancer. No further treatment may be necessary; if the cancer has progressed, you may need topical radiation or chemotherapy, the surgical removal of local lymph nodes, or more aggressive treatment if the cancer has metastasized. If it is not treated, wandering cancerous skin cells can travel through the body and create additional tumors in other organs or systems.

Any kind of skin cancer, squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma, or melanoma, should be treated as soon as it is discovered in order to prevent metastasis.

About the Author

To learn much more on Melanoma,Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer, Squamous Cell, Basal Cell Carcinoma types of skin cancer , visit http://www.SkinCancer-101.com where you'll find this and much more, including important information

Information on Lung Cancer

When you breathe in, air passes from your nose or mouth through the windpipe (trachea), which divides into two tubes (airways), one going to each lung. These are known as the right and left bronchus and they divide to form smaller tubes called bronchioles, which carry air through the lungs. At the end of the bronchioles are millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen is absorbed from air breathed in and passes into the bloodstream to be circulated around the body.

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs situated inside the chest, they bring oxygen into the body and take out waste carbon dioxide. There is a strong link between smoking and lung cancer. There are two main categories of lung cancer; Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) , and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). World-wide over 1 million people are diagnosed with lung cancer each year.

Sometimes the instructions to a cell go haywire and that cell and its offspring reproduce wildly, without regard for the shape and function of a lung. That wild reproduction can form tumors that clog up the lung and make it stop functioning as it should. Because of the large size of the lungs, cancer may grow for many years, undetected, without causing suspicion. Lung cancer can spread outside the lungs without causing any symptoms.Adding to the confusion, the most common symptom of lung cancer, a persistent cough, can often be mistaken for a cold or bronchitis.



The main types of lung cancer are small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. This distinction is important because the treatment varies; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is sometimes treated with surgery, while small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiation.The most common cause of lung cancer is long term exposure to tobacco smoke. The occurrence of lung cancer in non-smokers, who account for fewer than 10% of cases, appears to be due to a combination of genetic factors, radon gas, asbestos, and air pollution, including second-hand smoke.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is a leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. Cigarette smoking causes most lung cancers. The more cigarettes you smoke per day and the earlier you started smoking, the greater your risk of lung cancer. High levels of pollution, radiation and asbestos exposure may also increase risk.

Cancer of the lung, like all cancers, results from an abnormality in the body's basic unit of life, the cell. Normally, the body maintains a system of checks and balances on cell growth so that cells divide to produce new cells only when needed. Disruption of this system of checks and balances on cell growth results in an uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells that eventually forms a mass known as a tumor.

Yet most lung cancer deaths could be prevented. That's because smoking accounts for nearly 90 percent of lung cancer cases. Your risk of lung cancer increases with the length of time and number of cigarettes you smoke. If you quit smoking, even after smoking for many years, you can significantly reduce your chances of developing lung cancer. Protecting yourself from other risk factors for lung cancer, such as exposure to asbestos, radon and secondhand smoke, also decreases your risk.

Read about Breast Enlargement Products. Also read about Home Remedies and Beauty Tips, Makeup Tips, Hair Care Tips

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Peter hutch

What Happens to your Body When you Quit Smoking?

While you want to stop, you might not know what happens to your body when you quit smoking. In addition to nicotine, cigarettes contain many chemicals that affect your health in very damaging ways. It might be difficult to believe, but healing begins within 20 minutes when you quit smoking.

Within the first 20 minutes of quitting, your healing process begins. Your blood pressure decreases, your pulse rate drops, and the body temperature of your hands and feet increases. These benefits will continue to improve your health for years.

After eight hours of quitting smoking, the carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal and the oxygen level in your blood increases to normal.

At 24 hours, your chance of a heart attack decreases.

At 48 hours, your nerve endings begin regrowth and your ability to smell and taste improves.

And the benefits of quitting smoking are just beginning.

Between two weeks and thee months of stopping, your circulation improves, walking becomes easier, and your lung function increases.

Your worst nicotine withdrawal symptoms subside within the first month. After that, you learn how to decipher and reprogram the psychological urges to smoke that you've all built up over the years.

Starting as early as a month after you quit smoking, and continuing for the next several months, you may notice significant improvements in coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

At one year smoke-free, your excess risk of coronary heart disease is decreased to half that of a smoker.

Once you put a year between you and the last cigarette you smoke, congratulate yourself! Be grateful for the freedom you have created for yourself. The benefits of the positive choices you've made will continue to grow as you move forward from here.

For all of the work it takes to shed your addiction to nicotine, the incredible feelings of freedom and control you'll be rewarded with when you quit smoking are just the beginning of the benefits headed your way.

At two years smoke-free, your chance of achieving long-term success with quitting tobacco increases significantly. Smoking relapse rates drop off sharply after two years.

About the Author

Cedrick is the creator of Healthoogle.com and online Health News and Information blog. If you are looking for a way to stop smoking visit http://healthoogle.com/Nicocure-Stop-Smoking-Aid/ for more information.

Never too late to stop smoking

Smoking can make some women look sexy but it brings a lot of problems as well.

Experts say tobacco can damage a woman's reproductive health. It has been linked to reduced fertility, a higher risk of miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth and infant death.

Other health problems caused by smoking are gum disease, cataracts, hip fractures, peptic ulcers and macular degeneration, an eye disease that can cause blindness.

Aside from this, smoking also affects non-smokers. Cigarette smoke can irritate the eyes, cause headaches and coughs in other people. Those who are surrounded by smokers are exposed to the same health hazards mentioned above although in a reduced way.

"But not all of the health problems related to smoking result in deaths. Smoking generally affects a smoker's health, harming nearly every organ of the body, and causing many diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2000, about 8.6 million people had at least one chronic disease because they smoked or had smoked. Many of these people were suffering from more than one smoking-related condition," revealed the American Cancer Society (ACS).

"The diseases that occurred most often were chronic bronchitis, emphysema, heart attacks, strokes, and cancer. These diseases can steal away a person's quality of life long before death. Smoking-related illness can limit a person's activities by making it harder to breathe, get around, work, or play," added the ACS.

In spite of these hazards, many people find it difficult to stop smoking simply because they are addicted to nicotine and are likely to suffer from withdrawal symptoms. If you stop smoking suddenly, you may experience intense craving, depression, anxiety, restlessness, disturbed sleep, altered time perception, difficulty concentrating, sweating, low blood pres¬sure and heart rate as well as gastrointestinal problems.

The trick, therefore, is to remind yourself that you are slowly but surely killing yourself with every cigarette you smoke. This will help you cut down on cigarettes.

Change your favorite brand to one you don't like. Avoid friends who smoke and go to "no smoking" areas. Find new interests or attend to your hobbies. Stay away from smokers and clear your surroundings of ashtrays, matches, and other smoking paraphernalia.

Eat fruits, sweets or chew gum to curb your desire to smoke. Try talking to those who have stopped smoking to get help. Sometimes, all you need is a little discipline to avoid cigarettes. Once you have this, nothing is impossible.

"People who stop smoking when they are young get the greatest health benefits from quitting. Those who quit in their 30s may avoid most of the risk due to tobacco use. However, even smokers who quit after age 50 largely reduce their risk of dying early. The argument that it is too late to quit smoking because the damage is already done is not true. It is never too late to quit smoking!" the ACS concluded.

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About the Author

Sharon Bell is an avid health and fitness enthusiast and published author. Many of her insightful articles can be found at the premier online news magazine http://www.HealthLinesNews.com.

Skin Self-Examination: What Does Skin Cancer Look Like?

Skin cancer is a common form of cancer which can usually be
successfully treated if caught in an early stage of development.
It’s important to detect skin cancer early, because even
melanoma, the most difficult form of skin cancer to treat, has a
high recovery rate if treated before metastasis. What does skin
cancer look like? Only a doctor can tell you if you have skin
cancer, but there are some warning signs you can look for to let
you know when you need to ask for a doctor’s opinion.

The first symptom of skin cancer is a tumor on the skin. Since
these tumors appear on the skin, they are easily detected at an
early stage, making rapid treatment a possibility. While it is
less known than a breast exam, people can do their part to
detect skin cancer early by doing a skin self-examination.
Instructions are available on how to do a thorough examination,
but the basic idea is that you check your entire skin area for
anything unusual. This includes your scalp, between your toes,
and every part of your skin.



It is important to be familiar with your body so that you notice
any differences. Nevi or moles are extremely common, and the
average person has 10 to 40 of them. Even having some dysplastic
nevi, irregularly-shaped moles, is common. These are benign
growths and they are nothing to worry about. However, you should
be familiar with your moles and their appearance. New moles and
changes in the appearance, texture, or color of old moles could
be a sign of a cancerous tumor developing, and you should
consult your doctor if something like this occurs.

Basal cell and squamous skin cancer can appear as a new,
strange-looking mole, or as an area resembling a rash or a sore
which does not heal normally. The key to detecting these cancers
early is to do skin self-examinations, and consult a doctor if
there are any such irregularities.

Melanoma has an appearance which may be more striking and
obvious. This is a deadlier form of skin cancer, affecting the
melanocytes which lay beneath the epidermis. These cells give
pigment to your skin, and these are the types of cells which
form nevi. If you discover a new dysplastic nevus that was not
previously on your body, you should see a doctor. Early
detection and early treatment are necessary to prevent the
cancer from spreading. A discolored mole, a mole which has
increased in size or is surrounded by discolored or broken skin,
or an asymmetrical mole may be a cancerous tumor and should be
examined by a doctor.

Regular skin self-examinations can help you detect
irregularities which should be evaluated by a medical
professional. What does skin cancer look like? Looks can be
deceiving, and only your doctor can tell you for sure, but there
are some warning signs which can help you detect and eliminate
skin cancer in its early stages.

About the author:
To learn much more about the different types http://skincancer-101.com
Author: Adam Hefner

What Is Skin Cancer? Risk Factors and Detection

Our bodies are made up of individual cells which are designed to reproduce, allowing for growth and an extended, healthy life. By serving their purpose, reproducing, and dying, they leave new, fresh, and fully functional cells to continue to perform bodily functions. After many cycles of reproduction, due to natural cellular degeneration over time or outside influences causing mutations, some cells fail to reproduce and die at the normal rate, and can start reproducing too much and form growths. These growths may be benign, or they may be malignant, in which case they are referred to as cancerous tumors. Ultraviolet radiation can cause skin cells to mutate and create growths, some benign and some malignant. What is a benign growth and what is skin cancer is a question you should ask your doctor.

If you have a rash, lump, or wound that doesn't seem to heal, this could be a cancerous tumor. Rather than ignoring these symptoms, you should see a doctor and find out what they are, although something like this should be an obvious reason to talk to a doctor regardless of the cancer risk.

The symptoms mentioned above may indicate squamous or basal cell carcinoma, which are the two most common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Squamous cells are the top layer of the skin. They are round and flat and protect against the environment. Beneath this layer of cells are the basal cells, which can also form tumors.

Most people have an average of 10 to 40 moles or nevi, which are benign, noncancerous growths. They often appear in the face, back, and arms, places which are frequently exposed to sunlight. Nevi are growths formed from mutated melanocytes, the cells which pigment the skin. These are located between the dermis, where sweat glands and hair follicles are located, and the epidermis, made up of basal and squamous cells. Melanocyte growths which turn cancerous are called melanoma.

Check your skin regularly for any abnormalities, especially if you have dysplastic nevi, which are irregularly shaped moles. If these nevi change in any way, including in size, shape, color or texture, or if the surrounding tissue becomes irritated, you should consult a doctor. If a new dysplastic nevi forms on your body, a doctor may want to do a biopsy to see if it is cancerous. This is generally done by removing the entire mole, and this may be all the treatment you need to get rid of the cancer. If the cancer is allowed to metastasize, additional tumors may form in other parts of the body by wandering cancerous cells which reproduce elsewhere, so early detection is extremely important.

You should not expose yourself to UV radiation if you can avoid it. When you go out in the sun, you should use sunscreen or protective clothing. Do not tan yourself too much and avoid sunburns, and do not use tanning beds. New research shows that tanning beds are an important risk factor for melanoma, which is the most serious form of skin cancer.

Ask a doctor if you have any suspicious irregularities in your skin, and familiarize yourself with your skin and moles so you can do self-examinations. Any irregularity should be examined by a doctor, who can tell you what is skin cancer and what may be a normal growth or another condition.

About the Author

To learn much more about what is skin cancer, visit http://www.SkinCancer-101.com where you'll find this and much more, including possible skin cancer treatments.